What Is a Rental Lease Agreement?

It's crucial that renters understand the basic components of a lease or rental agreement. All that legalese in the contract will detail what you are responsible for, how long you’re committing to stay and much more. Leases and rental agreements are legal documents that outline the expectations and responsibilities of the tenant and the landlord or property manager. While the terms 'lease' and 'rental agreement' may be used interchangeably, they have different objectives and durations.

A lease agreement, sometimes called a rental lease agreement, is a contract that specifies a long-term rental period. That means the landlord cannot rent the property to someone else, and the tenant is responsible for the monthly rental fees until the lease expires. If you or the landlord do not plan to renew the lease, either party typically must give 30 days' notice. This is the more stable housing option for both parties.

A rental agreement, sometimes referred to as a month-to-month rental agreement, is often used for weekly or monthly housing. The downside of short-term rentals is that the landlord can rent the property to someone else once that agreement expires, giving you little notice to vacate. But it could be the best option for those who may relocate or change housing options frequently.

Agreement basics

Names of tenants

This lists all adult members living in the residence and makes them legally responsible for maintaining the lease's terms.

Identification of premises

This states the rental's street address and may specify what is included with the agreement, such as a designated parking space or furniture.

Rental term

This verifies the duration of the rental period. For month-to-month rentals, the agreement will indicate that you have the right to live in the rental for each month you pay rent. You or the landlord can terminate the agreement with written notice once that period ends. A standard lease will outline a beginning and ending date (typically lasting from six months to two years). Termination before the ending date is prohibited unless for a reason outlined in the lease or law. Otherwise, you will pay a penalty, which should be detailed in this section.

Rent payments and other fees

This confirms the exact amount you have to pay each month. The agreement should also specify when rent is due and how it should be submitted. Check to see if online payment is an option. Other fees such as security deposits and damage fees must also be outlined here.

Limits on occupancy

This may include limiting the tenancy to residential use (as opposed to it being used as a business or other commercial space) and specifying the number of people who can live in the unit. There may also be restrictions on who can stay overnight.

Subletting exclusions

Some agreements have limits on, or specifically prohibit, tenants from renting to others, also known as subletting.

Information about pets

If pets are allowed, this should be indicated in the document, along with the deposit required should there be animal-related damage to the property.

List of amenities

Any extras covered by your rent should be noted in this section, covering everything from community pool access to covered parking spaces.

List of utilities

This should specify what, if any, utilities such as water and garbage are included in the cost of rent.

Process for requests

This should include who to contact for maintenance or other issues, as well as the request process. Make sure this includes specific contact information and a clear statement of your responsibilities.

Right of entry

This states when and under what circumstances a landlord can enter the rental. It may spell out access for scheduled maintenance.

Other tips

• Make sure it's in writing: If a detail is not included in your lease, it isn't legally binding. So if you have asked for any exceptions, be sure they are all included before you sign the lease.
• Confirm the rental lease dates: Ensure that the rental period dates are correct. There are countless stories about tenants signing a two-year lease, thinking it was only for one. It's a legal agreement once signed, and you're responsible for reviewing all of its contents.
• Know the cost of breaking your lease: Things happen, so it's important to understand what financial penalties you'll incur if you need to break your lease. Depending on your location, there may be laws prohibiting landlords from charging you a fee for breaking a lease, such as a when someone is called to military service, fears for her personal safety, or deems her rental unlivable.
• If you still have concerns: If this is your first lease or there are things you’re uncertain about, it might be worth paying an attorney to review it with you before you sign.